ABAP
(Advanced Business Application Programming) is a high level programming
language created by the German software company SAP. It is currently positioned
as the language for programming SAP's Web Application Server, part of its
NetWeaver platform for building business applications. Its syntax is somewhat
similar to COBOL.
- 2. What is an ABAP data dictionary ?
ABAP 4
data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used in
application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying
relational database in tables/views.
- 3. What are domains and data element ?
Domains:
Domain is the central object for describing the technical characteristics of an
attribute of a business objects. It describes the value range of the field.
Data
Element: It is used to describe the semantic definition of the table fields
like description the field. Data element describes how a field can be displayed
to end-user.
- 4. What is foreign key relationship ?
A
relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly defined
at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data
entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there are now
contradictions. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has to be
specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how referenced
records are possible.
- 5. Describe Data Classes ?
Master
data: It is the data which is seldom changed.
Transaction
data: It is the data which is often changed.
Organization
data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the system when the system
is configured and is then rarely changed. System data: It is the data which R/3
system needs for itself.
Indexes
are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This
data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of
the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the
associated record of the actual table are included in the index. The indexes
are activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the
database.
- 7. What are the Difference between transparent tables
and pooled tables ?
Transparent
tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary have a one-to-one relation with
the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single database field.
Table in the database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table
holds application data.
Pooled
tables: Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the
table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the
dictionary. Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.
- 8. What is an ABAP/4 Query ?
ABAP/4
Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4
Query can generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple
reports. Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average,
Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4
Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group. Functional
group can be created using with or without logical database table. Finally,
assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a query on the
functional group generated.
- 9. What is BDC programming ?
Transferring
of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming.
Batch input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC (Batch Data
Communications). The central component of the transfer is a queue file which
receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into
“sessions”.
- 10. What are the functional modules used in sequence in
BDC ?
These are
the 3 functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data
transfer successfully using BDC programming:
1.
BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and user name are
specified in this functional modules.
2.
BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session.
3.
BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input session.
- 11. What are internal tables ?
Internal
tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the run time of
the program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database
tables and for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to users
need.
- 12. Define ITS? What are the merits of ITS ?
ITS is a
Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3
system, which converts screen, provided data by the R/3 system into HTML
documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be
developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction components, including those
used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3
system. The advantage of automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be
utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.
DynPro is
a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow
logic Screen is also called as DynPro.
- 14. What are screen painter and menu painter ?
Screen
painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and maintain screen and its
elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions.
Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the elements of Screen
painter.
Menu
painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface components. Status,
menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles are the components
of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical
interface of an ABAP/4 applications.
- 15. What are Smart Forms ?
Smart
Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust
functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP
will be created with the new Smart Form solution.
- 16. What are the differences between structure and
table in data dictionary in ABAP ?
Structure
and table both are 2/2 matrices but there are many differences between table
and structure.
Table:
1. Table
can store the data physically but a structure dose not store.
2. Table
can have primary key but a structure does not have.
3. Table
can have the technical attribute but a structure does not have.
Structure:
1.
Structure doesn't contain technical attributes.
2.
Structure doesn't contain primary key.
3.
Structure doesn't stores underline database level.
- 17. Define SAP dispatcher ?
SAP
dispatcher is the control agent that manages the resources for the R/3
applications.
- 18. What are the functions of dispatcher ?
The
functions of dispatcher are:
1. Equal
distribution of transaction load to the work processes.
2.
Management of buffer areas in main memory.
3.
Integration of the presentation levels.
4.
Organization of communication activities.
- 19. What is a work process ?
A work
process is where individual dialog steps are actually processed and the work is
done. Each work process handles one type of request.
- 20. What are the various work processes of R/3 system ?
Dialog or
Online (processes only one request at a time). Background (Started at a
specific time) Update (primary or secondary) Enqueue (Lock mechanism). Spool
(generated online or during back ground processing for printing).
- 21. Explain about the two services that are used to
deal with communication ?
Message
Service: Used by the application servers to exchange short internal messages,
all system communications.
Gateway
Service: Enables communication between R/3 and external applications using
CPI-C protocol.
- 22. What is a service (within R/3) ?
A service
is a process or group of processes that perform a specific system function and
often provide an application-programming interface for other processes to
call.
- 23. What are the roll and page areas ?
Roll and
page areas are SAP R/3 buffers used to store user contexts (process requests).
The SAP dispatcher assigns process requests to work processes as they are
queued in the roll and page areas. Paging area holds data from the application
programs. Roll area holds data from previous dialog steps and data that
characterize the user.
- 24. What are the different layers in R/3 system ?
There are
3 layers in R/3 system. They
- Presentation Layer.
- Application Layer.
- Database Layer.
- 25. What are the phases of background processing ?
There are
3 phases of background processing. They
- Job Scheduling
- Job Processing.
- Job Overview.